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A4988 Stepper Motor Driver

Specification	Details
Operating Voltage (VMOT)	8V to 35V DC
Logic Voltage (VDD)	3V to 5.5V DC
Continuous Current	1.0A per phase (with cooling)
Peak Current	2.0A per phase
Microstep Resolutions	Full, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16
Protection	Thermal Shutdown, Under-voltage, Crossover-current

Price

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₹ 72.03

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Barcode: 676554

Product Description

The A4988 Stepper Motor Driver (Red Edition) is a complete microstepping motor driver with a built-in translator for easy operation with any microcontroller. It is specifically designed to drive bipolar stepper motors in full-, half-, quarter-, eighth-, and sixteenth-step modes, making it the most popular choice for RAMPS-based 3D printers and DIY CNC machines. The red variant is a staple in the hobbyist community, known for its standardized pinout and reliable integration with Arduino CNC Shields. It features an adjustable current limiting system via an onboard potentiometer, allowing you to fine-tune the output to match your motor's rated current for optimal torque and temperature management.

Key Features

Built-in Translator: Simplifies control by requiring only two pins from your microcontroller: "STEP" for a single microstep and "DIR" for rotation direction.
Five Microstep Resolutions: Offers high-precision positioning and reduces motor vibration by dividing a standard 1.8° step into up to 16 microsteps.
Adjustable Current Control: Features a high-precision trimpot to calibrate the output current, preventing motor overheating while maintaining holding torque.
Intelligent Chopping Control: Automatically selects the correct current decay mode (Fast or Slow) to ensure smooth motion and minimize audible motor noise.
Compact Footprint: Standard DIP-style pinout allows for direct mounting on CNC shields, RAMPS boards, or breadboards for rapid prototyping.

Technical Details

Microstep Selection: Controlled via logic inputs MS1, MS2, and MS3.
Drive Capability: Designed for Bipolar stepper motors (4, 6, or 8 wires in bipolar configuration).
Cooling: Includes an adhesive-backed aluminum heatsink for the IC.

Prototyping and Engineering Tips from Robogears

The "Inductive Surge" Warning: CRITICAL: Never connect or disconnect a stepper motor while the driver is powered. This creates a high-voltage inductive spike that will instantly destroy the A4988 IC. Always turn off the power supply before modifying motor wiring.
Current Limit Calibration (Vref): Before running your motor, you must set the reference voltage (Vref). Use a non-conductive screwdriver to turn the trimpot while measuring the voltage between the trimpot screw and GND. For most red boards, the formula is Imax=Vref/(8×Rsense), where Rsense is typically 0.1 ohms.
Decoupling Capacitor: Always place a large electrolytic capacitor (100uF or more) across the VMOT and GND pins as close to the driver as possible. This protects the driver from destructive LC voltage spikes that occur when the motor starts or stops.
Heatsink Installation: Apply the provided heatsink to the top of the A4988 chip. Ensure it does not touch any of the header pins, as a short circuit here will blow the driver and potentially your controller.
Active Cooling: If you are running NEMA 17 motors at currents above 1.2A, the heatsink alone is insufficient. Use a small 40mm cooling fan to provide constant airflow over the drivers to prevent thermal shutdown mid-operation.

Package Includes

1 x A4988 Stepper Motor Driver Module (Red)
1 x Aluminum Heatsink with Adhesive Backing

Disclaimer: This driver handles high voltages and requires careful calibration. Incorrect Vref settings can lead to motor damage or driver burnout. Ensure the logic ground and motor ground are connected correctly. Not suitable for motors requiring more than 2A of current.

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