Product Description The HC-12 is a high-performance, long-distance wireless serial port communication module. Unlike Bluetooth modules which are limited to short distances, the HC-12 operates on the 433MHz frequency, allowing it to transmit data through walls and over distances of up to 1 kilometer in open areas. It acts as a transparent wireless bridge: whatever serial data you send into one module will be received by the other, making it a "plug-and-play" solution for wireless telemetry, remote sensing, and long-range robot control.
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Key Highlights
Massive Range: With a maximum transmit power of 100mW (20dBm) and high receiver sensitivity, it can achieve reliable communication far beyond standard Wi-Fi or Bluetooth limits.
100 Configurable Channels: Supports 100 channels with 400kHz spacing, allowing multiple pairs of HC-12 modules to operate in the same area without interference.
Flexible Power Modes: Features four different working modes (FU1, FU2, FU3, FU4) that allow you to balance power consumption and transmission distance.
Serial Transparency: No complex wireless protocol knowledge is required. It uses standard UART (TX/RX) communication, compatible with any microcontroller.
Adaptive Antenna Options: Comes with a compact spring antenna but also features an IPEX/U.FL connector for attaching a high-gain external antenna for maximum range.
Technical Specifications
Transmit Power: Max 20dBm (Adjustable)
Receiver Sensitivity: -117dBm to -126dBm
Baud Rate: 1200bps to 115200bps
Operating Current: 3.4mA (Idle) to 100mA (Peak Transmit)
Dimensions: 27.4mm x 13.5mm x 4mm
Prototyping & Installation Tip To configure the HC-12 (change baud rate, channel, or power), pull the SET pin to LOW and send AT commands via serial. For stable performance at high transmit power, it is highly recommended to add a 100uF to 1000uF capacitor across the VCC and GND pins of the module to handle the sudden current spikes during transmission. If the modules are used in a dense environment, switching to a lower baud rate will significantly improve data reliability and range.
Note: This product is the HC-12 Transceiver Module. Spring antenna is included. Microcontrollers and high-gain external antennas are sold separately. Product images are for illustration purposes only
