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TIP122 NPN Darlington Power Transistor (TO-220)

Specification	Details
Transistor Polarity	NPN Darlington
Package Type	TO-220
Collector-Emitter Voltage ($V_{CEO}$)	100V
Collector Current ($I_C$) Continuous	5A
Collector Current ($I_C$) Peak	8A
DC Current Gain ($h_{FE}$)	1000 (Min) at 3A
Base-Emitter Saturation Voltage	2.5V (Max)
Total Power Dissipation ($P_{tot}$)	65W

Price

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₹ 16.95

(Tax included)

Barcode: 84125477

Product Description

The TIP122 Darlington Transistor is an essential component for power-interfacing in electronic design. Because it consists of two transistors connected in a pair, the total gain is the product of the individual gains of each transistor. This high sensitivity makes it ideal for "low-side switching," where the transistor sits between the load and the ground. Housed in a standard TO-220 package, it can be easily mounted to a heatsink for continuous high-power operation. It also features an integrated anti-parallel collector-emitter diode, which provides a layer of protection when switching inductive loads.

Key Features

Ultra-High Current Gain: Minimum gain of 1000 allows for direct logic-level control of heavy loads.
High Voltage Rating: Supports up to $100V$, making it suitable for 12V, 24V, and 48V systems.
Monolithic Construction: Integrated base-emitter shunt resistors and a free-wheeling diode for increased reliability.
Standard TO-220 Package: Breadboard-friendly and easy to attach to aluminum heatsinks.
Complementary Pair: Pairs perfectly with the TIP127 (PNP) for push-pull circuit designs.

Technical Details

Pinout (Facing Front): 1. Base, 2. Collector, 3. Emitter.
Base Current ($I_B$): Max 120mA.
Operating Junction Temperature: -65°C to +150°C.

Prototyping and Engineering Tips from Robogears

The "Low-Side" Switch: In most Arduino projects, connect the Emitter to Ground, the Collector to your load (motor/LED), and the Base to your digital pin via a $1k\Omega$ to $2.2k\Omega$ resistor.
Heatsink Necessity: While the TIP122 can handle up to $5A$, it will generate significant heat at high currents due to its higher saturation voltage ($\sim 2V$). If your load exceeds $1A$ to $2A$ continuously, always attach a small U-shaped or finned aluminum heatsink.
Driving Inductive Loads: Although there is an internal diode, we strongly recommend adding an external "Flyback" diode (like 1N4007 or 1N5408) directly across your motor or solenoid. This protects the transistor from the massive high-voltage spikes generated when the magnetic field collapses.
PWM Dimming: The TIP122 responds well to PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for controlling motor speed or LED brightness. However, avoid very high frequencies ($>20kHz$) to minimize switching losses and heat.

Package Includes

1 x TIP122 NPN Darlington Power Transistor (TO-220)

Disclaimer

Always calculate your total power dissipation ($P = V_{CE(sat)} \times I_C$) to ensure it stays within the limits of your heatsink. Ensure correct pin orientation before powering up, as reversing the Collector and Emitter under load can cause immediate component failure.